Since these biomarkers tap distinct, and partly overlapping, pathways , combined assessment yields a richer picture of biological age and mortality risk than any single measure. Many cohort studies use multi-marker models and find improved prediction when functional (fitness/strength), anthropometric and biochemical markers are combined.
Relying on a single biomarker, whether LDL cholesterol, BMI or resting heart rate, captures only one dimension of health, which can miss early physiological changes occurring elsewhere in the body. In contrast, using a panel of diverse biomarkers provides a far more accurate and holistic picture of biological aging and long-term risk. This integrated approach helps identify risk earlier, guide more personalized interventions and track meaningful improvements across multiple physiological domains, ultimately improving both lifespan and healthspan.