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In hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone levels are low, resulting in a slowdown of the body’s systems. This slowdown can often mimic symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Women and those with family history are at higher risk for thyroid disorders.
Feeling constantly tired, emotionally low, or struggling with unexplained weight gain is often brushed off as a consequence of stress, poor lifestyle choices, or declining mental health. In a world that increasingly acknowledges anxiety and depression, physical causes behind these symptoms can sometimes be overlooked. One such commonly missed culprit is thyroid dysfunction, particularly hypothyroidism, which can quietly mimic mental health disorders and delay the right diagnosis.
The thyroid gland, though small, plays an outsized role in regulating metabolism, energy levels, body temperature, and cognitive function. When it underperforms, the entire body slows down – physically and mentally – often blurring the line between hormonal imbalance and psychological distress.
How Thyroid Dysfunction Mimics Mental Health Disorders
Dr. Srinivasa Munigoti, Consultant, Endocrinology, Fortis Hospital, Bannerghatta Road, Bengaluru, notes that hypothyroidism is frequently mistaken for a mental health condition because of the striking overlap in symptoms. “The thyroid gland plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, energy levels, body temperature, and brain function. In hypothyroidism, the thyroid hormone levels are low, and thus, the body’s systems are slowed down,” he explains.
This slowdown can present as persistent fatigue, low mood, irritability, sleep disturbances, poor concentration, memory lapses or what many describe as brain fog. “This slowdown can very much resemble the symptoms of depression and anxiety,” Dr. Munigoti adds, noting that many patients first consult psychiatrists before undergoing basic thyroid testing.
Why Diagnosis Is Often Delayed
The overlap between thyroid-related symptoms and mental health conditions makes diagnosis particularly challenging. “Tiredness, low mood, irritability, sleep disturbances, memory problems, reduced motivation, and weight gain are common to both conditions,” says Dr. Munigoti.
In some cases, patients may also experience anxiety, palpitations, or mood instability. These symptoms further complicate the clinical picture. “As a result, thyroid dysfunction may go unnoticed for months or even years,” he warns.
This delay is not just diagnostic, but it can be emotionally exhausting for patients who feel unheard or mislabelled.
Who Is Most At Risk?
Certain groups are disproportionately affected by thyroid disorders. “Women are affected by thyroid disorders much more than men,” Dr. Munigoti explains, especially during periods of hormonal change such as pregnancy, the postpartum phase, and menopause.
One commonly overlooked condition is postpartum thyroiditis. “It is usually missed, with its symptoms being incorrectly associated with postnatal depression or the physical exhaustion of new motherhood,” he says. Individuals with a family history of thyroid disease or autoimmune disorders also carry a higher risk.
The Importance Of Timely Screening
Dr. Munigoti emphasises that thyroid screening should not be an afterthought. “It is very important to have routine thyroid screening done when the symptoms of fatigue, weight gain, or mood changes do not go away even after making lifestyle changes or getting mental health treatment.”
A simple blood test measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormone levels can provide clarity. Early screening is particularly important before starting long-term psychiatric medications, which may mask underlying hormonal issues.
The Cost Of Missing The Diagnosis
Untreated hypothyroidism doesn’t just affect emotional health. “Delayed diagnosis can not only cause mental suffering but also eventually lead to physical problems that last for a long time,” says Dr. Munigoti. These include increased cardiovascular risk, infertility, pregnancy complications, and metabolic disorders.
Chronic fatigue and cognitive impairment can significantly impact work performance, relationships, and overall quality of life.
Thyroid disorders are highly treatable, yet frequently misunderstood. With timely diagnosis and appropriate hormone replacement therapy, patients often experience restored energy, improved mood, sharper cognition, and better overall well-being. The key lies in looking beyond surface symptoms and recognising that not all emotional distress begins in the mind. Sometimes, it starts in the thyroid.
Delhi, India, India
January 11, 2026, 16:59 IST