If crude imports stop today, India can meet fuel demand for about 3 months with existing reserves. Here’s where the oil is stored and what it means for energy security.
Major economies across the world maintain emergency crude stockpiles to cushion against supply disruptions caused by wars, geopolitical tensions, or global crises. These reserves are known as Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR). Globally, many developed nations aim to maintain reserves equivalent to at least 90 days of consumption. Several European countries have already achieved this benchmark to ensure uninterrupted fuel availability during emergencies.India’s strategic crude oil reserves are stored in highly secure underground facilities located in Mangaluru (Karnataka), Padur, Udupi district (Karnataka and Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh). The crude oil stored at these locations can be supplied to refineries whenever required and processed into petroleum products such as petrol, diesel, and aviation fuel.India plays a significant role in the global energy landscape. It is the third-largest importer of crude oil in the world. The country ranks as the fourth-largest refining hub globally and refines around 260 million metric tonnes of crude oil annually. India is also the fifth-largest exporter of petroleum products worldwide.The European Union mandates member countries to maintain at least 90 days of oil reserves. Japan has reportedly stockpiled oil sufficient for around 224 days. New Zealand has agreements with Japan and South Korea to secure oil supplies during emergencies.Israel has an arrangement under which the United States can ensure a continuous oil supply for up to five years in case of crisis. In contrast, some countries reportedly hold reserves for only a week or ten days. Pakistan, for instance, is said to have stocks sufficient for about 20 days.Expanding crude oil reserves to meet the 90-day benchmark is seen as crucial for India’s long-term energy security. In an increasingly volatile global environment, strengthening storage capacity ensures that supply chain disruptions do not destabilise the economy. By enhancing strategic reserves and improving refining capabilities, India aims to safeguard itself against global uncertainties and build a more resilient energy future.
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Petroleum products have become the backbone of India’s economy. From transportation to industry, petrol and diesel are now inseparable from daily life. With vehicles crowding roads and fuel consumption steadily rising, an important question emerges: If crude oil imports to India suddenly stop, how long can the country sustain itself?
